Glossary

PDCA cycle

The PDCA cycle is an iterative management method with four steps: Plan-Do-Check-Act. It manages processes for business, manufacturing, and continuous improvement.

As per Article 4(1) of the GDPR, personal data includes information about an identified or identifiable natural person (referred to as the "data subject"). An identifiable person is someone who can be directly or indirectly identified through a name, identification number, location data, online identifier, or specific factors related to their physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural, or social identity.

Phishing

Phishing is a fraudulent technique where attackers pretend to be an authority (e.g., sellers, government representatives) in electronic communication (e.g., email) to get sensitive information like passwords, credit card details, or money from their targets.

Planned maintenance

Planned maintenance, a concept of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), aims to reduce losses from unexpected breakdowns by implementing preventive and predictive maintenance procedures.

Poka-yoke

Poka-yoke (ポカヨケ), meaning "error-proofing," is a system developed in the 1960s as part of the Toyota Production System to eliminate the possibility of human errors in production. It was conceived by Shigeo Shingo, a Japanese engineer known as the father of the Toyota Production System. The main goal of poka-yoke is to design processes or products in a manner that enables operators to perform each step flawlessly, without any errors.

PPAP

PPAP is an abbreviation for the Production Part Approval Process, which refers to the process of approving parts for mass production. It is a systematic method that enables the approval of parts or components for production by establishing well-defined processes. While originally intended for the automotive industry, PPAP is now employed in diverse sectors. The AIAG (Automotive Industry Action Group) developed this process, along with the APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning) framework, where PPAP plays a significant role.

Problem solving

Problem-solving is the act of finding or seeking solutions to any problem. It falls within the cognitive domain and is an integral part of decision-making. The ability to solve problems is vital for every individual and holds particular significance for managers or leaders. This skill is instrumental in achieving success, whether for individuals or teams.

PSB

PSB stands for Product Safety Responsible, which means being accountable for product safety. It involves ensuring that the product is designed, manufactured, and marketed in compliance with laws and regulations. PSB assesses risks, conducts testing and certification, provides safety information to customers, and oversees product safety throughout its lifecycle. In some cases, PSB is responsible for reporting injuries and recalls of unsafe products. Its role is critical in ensuring public safety and consumer confidence.